A proposal to reduce or eliminate the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) signals a potential change in how the U.S. handles natural disasters such as hurricanes, wildfires, tornadoes, and floods.
Proposed changes to FEMA’s structure
In a June announcement, President Trump stated his intention to gradually reduce FEMA’s role and transfer more responsibility to state governments. According to the administration, this shift could begin in December 2025, following the Atlantic hurricane season.
To guide this transition, a FEMA Review Council composed of cabinet members, governors, and emergency management experts was formed. The council is expected to issue recommendations by mid-November 2025 and complete its work by May 2026.
Rationale behind the proposal
The administration argues that FEMA requires a major overhaul to improve its efficiency and meet current demands. Among the proposed changes are the implementation of large block grants to states instead of tailored reimbursements, and a general reduction in federal disaster aid.
However, many emergency experts and state officials caution that FEMA plays a critical role that states alone may not be able to fulfill—particularly as climate change increases the severity and frequency of weather events, and populations grow in high-risk areas.
Role of Congress and parallel legislative efforts
While the executive branch can restructure FEMA, fully dissolving the agency would require Congressional approval. A bipartisan bill currently under review in Congress aims to streamline federal aid for disaster survivors and promote state-level preparedness by linking it to post-disaster assistance.
Current challenges to FEMA’s readiness
FEMA has faced recent operational disruptions, including leadership turnover. The acting director was replaced by an official without emergency management experience, leading to the resignation of several senior staff members. Additionally, funding for various disaster preparedness initiatives has been reduced, raising concerns about the agency’s ability to respond to future emergencies.
