When faced with a headache, fever, or muscle pain, many people turn to over-the-counter (OTC) painkillers like acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). While these medications can be safe and effective, they only work properly when used as directed—either by following the label or a healthcare provider’s advice.
In practice, though, this doesn’t always happen. According to Dr. Trisha Pasricha of Harvard Medical School, many people take more than the recommended dose, unknowingly combine different painkillers, or self-medicate without an accurate diagnosis.
In fact, a 2018 study found that 15% of respondents exceeded the daily recommended NSAID dose, unaware they were taking multiple products of the same type. These mistakes can lead to serious side effects—from stomach discomfort to liver, kidney, or even heart issues.
To avoid such risks, health experts recommend becoming familiar with the medications in your home. Here are 10 things you should know:
- Acetaminophen is ideal for fever and mild pain, as it raises your pain threshold and regulates body temperature—without irritating your stomach.
- NSAIDs are more effective for inflammatory pain, like muscle aches. Unlike acetaminophen, NSAIDs work throughout the body to reduce inflammation and fever.
- Don’t exceed 3,000 mg of acetaminophen per day, and avoid mixing it with alcohol to prevent liver damage.
- NSAIDs can cause stomach and heart issues, especially if overused. Always pay attention to the maximum dosage.
- If you’re unsure which painkiller to use or how much to take, ask a pharmacist—they can guide you based on your pain type and medical history.
- Taking multiple NSAIDs doesn’t offer more relief, but it does increase the risk of side effects. Stick to the recommended dose.
- If you regularly take painkillers for the same issue, such as period cramps, speak to a doctor. It may signal an underlying condition that requires proper treatment.
- Many multi-symptom medications contain acetaminophen or NSAIDs, so read labels carefully to avoid doubling up on doses.
- Alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen can help manage intense pain, as long as you follow proper dosages and timing.
- Don’t forget alternatives to pills, like topical creams, heating pads, or low-impact exercises. These can offer relief without gastrointestinal side effects.
